Steam-turbine.



PATENTED AUG. 4,1903. E. F. CAMERON. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED APR. 11. 190sA Il.. In." Il j n v .IIIII )ifo MODEL.

W/TNES 'l a e i 1H: navals PETERS cn. Fumanrrso.. msmmrrm. c`

PATENIED AUG. 4, 1903.

. E. F. CAMERON.

STEAM vTURBINEl APPLICATION FILED APR.11, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

N0 MODEL.

' W/TNESES.-

EDWARD E. OAMEEON,

PATENT Patented August 4, 1903. l

` OFFICE.

,OE HELENA, MONTANA.

`s'r,Font/141iU BIN E.

SPECIFICATION forming' pm frames ratent No. @5341, dated August 4, 1903.

Application fi'ieiiAprii 11.1903.

. Beit known that I, EDWARD F. CAMEEON,a citizen of the United States, `residing at` Hell ena, in the county of Lewisand `Clarke and State of Montana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable Others skilled in the' art to which it appertains to make'and use the same, reference beingl had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference u marked thereon, which form apart of this specification. l

` This invention relates to new and useful improvements in turbine-engines, and especially in the provision of an engine comprising series of rotary vane-disks of different diameters aordin g a multiple expansion to iiuid as it passes through the disks. The invention comprisesvarious details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, which willbe'hereinafter fully described and then specifically defined in the appended claims.

The present invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which, with the letters of reference marked thereon, form a part of this application, and in which draw- 1ngs Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectiony through my improved turbine-engine. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view on line'2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the vanedisks. Fig. 4is a similar viewl of a disk with the vanes disposed at angles to the vanes shown in Fig. Fig. 5 is a detail view showingthe relative positions of the vanes in a series of disks, and Figf is a lsectional view through the latticed ring. f `Reference now being had tothe details of the drawings'by letter, Adesignates an operating-shaftwhich is journaledin a hollow shaft` B, there being two of these hollow shaft`s,one ateach end of' the rotaryA engine and mounted iinsuitable bearings inthe lower portion "of thecasingD.

C designates the upper portion of the casing, which is fastened to the lowerportion by bolts D', which pass through the flanges d, (shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings,) thereby 3`strati No.15a1vs. (Nomades l completely inolosing the operative parts Vof the turbine.

`Keyed to the shaft `A`is a hollow cylinder E, formed in three or more steps or, in other, words, having portions thereof of three or more different diameters, as shown clearly in Fig. l of the drawings,and tothe circumference of said cylinder are fastened the disks F by means of 'keys I, a detail view of one of ings, and each disk of said series comprises an annular flanged ring having radiating therefrom vanes F', which are inclined and are disposed in substantially parallel planes to oneanother, as shown clearly in Fig. 5 of the drawings. t

Letters P designate the disks of' a series,

which are grouped together with the disks F and differ from said disks F only in having a peripheral angeP, which is held to the sectional cylinder K by means of keys L and have the vanes thereof disposed at an angle of substantially fortyfive degrees to the vanes of the disks F, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, while the inner ends of the vanes of the disks P are free.

Disks G are provided at the ends of the cylinder E, being threaded thereto, as shownin the sectional view of the drawings, which serves the same purpose as the other disks,

, withan additional function of holding firmly "in place all of the disks of the three series which are illustrated in Fig. l of, the drawings.l Intermediate each series of disks is a circular flange having an ogee face and serving the double purpose of holding in position the series of disks on either side of it, said circular flange being keyed to the cylinder E, as clearly shown,'and forming the step from one series of disks to the next. Secured to the ends of the sectional shell K and to the .hollow shaft B is a disk J, (shown in thedrawings as being held by bolts J and integral withfeach disk J is an expanding nozzle J2, which flares toward the opening into the series, o f disks and and has a suitably packed bearing J3 withthe outer casing D of the engine, and M designates the nut or washer, which is threaded and fitted on threads about the circumference of the main shaft A and holding the cylinder said disks being shown in Fig. 4 of the drawdiverges toward the outerend of the cylinder IOO \- end of the engine. sections forming the cylinder E have flanges E securely in position upon the shaft. A suitable packing-gland O, forming a stuflng-box, is shown as intermediate the hollow shaft B andthe end of the casing D at each end of the engine, but may be dispensed with, if desired,

if the antifriction piping-rings are steamtight.

The series of sections which make up the shell K are held together by means of bolts K and are formed stepped to conform to the stepped outline of the cylinder E, a chamber H being formed intermediate one series of disks and the adjacent series through which steam passes from one series to another.

The steam or fluid entrance to the cylinder is through the port Q, whichvopens into a passage-Way Q, which surrounds the exhaustchamber Q,3 and follows a course conforming to the stepped outline of the cylinders within, said passage-way Q' communicating with the nozzle through an annular opening Q4 at each The inner ends of the two E', which are secured together by means of bolts E2, said flanges forming with their outer faces deiiecting surfaces and their outer inargins being positioned adjacent to a latticed ring S, which is interposed between the adjacent ends of the sections K of the shell K, said latticed ring being held securely by means of bolts S and through the spaces of which ring the expanded steam passes into the exhaust-chamber Q3. Said ring S is also provided withblades set parallel to the axis of the turbine and at such angles that the action of the exhaust-steam or other fluid which may be used will tend to exert pressure upon the blades in the same direction as the outer revolving portion of the turbine, thus utilizing from the exliaust-steain such energy as it may contain after expansion in its passage through the various series of disks.

T designates the exit-port through the under side of the casing and has communication with the surrounding exhaust-chamber Q3.

It will be observed from the foregoing that the diameters of the series of vaned disks increase from the ends of the engine toward the center, the disks of the outer series on each end being of the smallest diam eter, thus presenting the smallest arca to the steam as it enters from the nozzles and presenting in succession the disks of increasing diameters to the expanding steam as it passes through the engine.

From the above description it will be observed that by the provision of a turbine embodying the principle of' my invention two series of disks so combined are provided that no part of the saine is stationary when acted upon by the steam or other expansive uid,

. hence reducing. to a minimum the loss of energy and reducing by one-half the peripheral speed, the number of revolutions to each shaft being one-half what it would be if the outer series of disks were stationary. It will be noticed that the first series of disks when the steam enters the turbine are approximately one-half the diameter and the blades or vanes thereon are substantially one-half the length of the adjacent series where the steam exhausts. This allows for a large measure of expansion. To furnish additional expansion, it will only be necessary to have the first series of' disks of less diameter, bringing them nearer the center of rotation, and add as many series of disks as maybe necessary, each series increasing in diameter and the blades in length until the expansion is complete.

As the steam-pressure is reduced by expansion in its passage through the turbine, there is presented-a greater surface of area of blades or vanes in each series of disks, the last series, on account of the increased diameter and the length of the blades or vanes, presenting a surface area about five times as great as the first series, which, together with the increased distance of the last series from the center of rotation, gives as much power for the low-pressure steam in the last series as was derived from the high-pressure in the first series.

The curved blades or vanes of the revolving disks are set so that they will deflect the steam at an angle of about thirty-five degrees from the axis of the turbine.

It is my purpose to provide the bearings for the engine entirely outside of the casing and consisting of series of loose sleeves, between of steam or other fluid which may be used,

and anylubricant that may be necessary can be forced in the rings through the casing by the aid of small ducts.

In the turbine illustrated in the accompanying drawings l have shown one hundred and twenty disks and each disk provided with one hundred blades or vanes,making a total number of twelve thousand blades, and it can be readily understood what an enormous force is accumulated by the action of the steam or other duid passing through the turbine at a velocity of over two thousand feet per second and acting on six thousand blades in a certain direction and on the saine number of blades in the opposite direction.

In operation the steam which enters through the port Q is deflected in opposite directions through the passage-,way Q and enters the IOS IIC

from the outer series of blades it goes successively to the other series of gradually-increasing size of blades till it finally makes exit through the ring S of the exhaust-chainber, thus utilizing the full power of the steam.

By delivering the steam at both ends the thrust is entirely overcome, one end balancing the other and avoiding the necessity of thrust collars or rings or other appliances for the same purpose. v

While I have showna particular construction of apparatus illustrating my improved engine, it will be understood that I may make alterations in the detailed construction of thc same without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

`1. A rotary turbine engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts j ournaled therein, an operating-shaft rotating in said hollow shafts, stepped cylinders secured to and rotatable with said shafts in opposite directions,

vaned disks secured to said cylinders and arranged alternately and in series of varying diameters, said disks increasing in diameter `from the inlet-port for the expansive fluid toward the exhaust of the engine, as set forth.

2. A rotary turbineengine comprising a casing, hollow shafts journaled therein, an operating-shaft rotating within said hollow i shafts, stepped cylinders fixed to and adapted to` rotate with said shafts in opposite directions, series of vaned disks secured to the adjacent circumferences of said cylinders, said disks arranged alternately and in series of varying diameters, the vanes of the two cylinders disposed at angles to each other, the vanes of the different series increasing in diameter from the inlet-port to the exhaust of the engine, as set forth.

3. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts j ournaled therein, an operating-shaft rotatablewithin said hollow shafts, stepped cylinders fixed to and adapted to rotate with said shafts in opposite directions, vaned disks having flanges which are secured to said cylinders, the vanes of the disks of the two cylinders arranged alternately and at angles to one another, the disks of the variousseries increasing in diameter from the inlet-port tothe exhaust of the engine.

4. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts journaled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within said l hollow shafts, stepped and concentrically-ar- `ranged cylinders keyed to rotate with said shafts in opposite directions, vaned disks keyed to the circumference of the inner of said cylinders, and vaned disks keyed to the inner circumference of the outer cylinder, the vanes of the two cylinders alternately arranged and in series of varying diameters, the disks of the various series increasing in diameter from the inlet-port `to the exhaust,

as set forth.

g 5. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing,hollow shafts journaled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within the hollow shafts, concentrically-stepped cylinders keyed to said shafts and adapted to rotate in opposite directions, and series of vaned disks having annular iianges adjacent to the fixed ends of the vanes and keyed to the circumference of the inner of said stepped cylinders, a series of vaned disks having peripheral flanges keyed to the inner circumference of the outer of the stepped cylinders, the vanes of the disks of the two cylinders alternately arranged and disposed at angies to one another, the disks increasing in diameter from the inlet-port to the exhaust of the engine, and spaces intervening between the series of disks, as set forth.

6. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing,hollow shafts journ aled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within the hollow shafts, concentricallyarranged stepped cylinders keyed to rotate with said shafts in opposite directions, vaned disks secured to said cylinders and alternately arranged in series, the diameters of the series increasing from the inlet to the exhaust of the engine, a latticed ring through which the expansive iiuid passes from the disks to the exhaustchamber, as set forth.

7. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing,hollow shafts j ournaled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within the hollow shafts, a stepped cylinder fixed to the operating-shaft, a series of vaned disks keyed to the circumference of said cylinder, a concentric stepped cylinder made up of sections, vaned disks secured to the inner circumference of said sectional cylinder, the disks of the two cylinders having their vanes alternately arranged and in series of varying diameters, increasing in diameter from the in-Y let to the exhaust of the engine, a latticed ring secured to the inner ends of said sectional cylinder and through which ring the expansive fluid passes to the exhaust-chamber, as set forth.

8. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts journaled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within the hollow shafts, a stepped cylinder made up of two sections, the inner ends of which are flanged and secured together, said sections being keyed to rotate with the operatingshaft, series of vaned disks keyed to the steps of said cylinder, a concentric cylinder made up of sections and keyed to rotate with the hollow shafts, a latticed ring securedV to the adjacent ends of the sectional cylinder, the iianges of the cylinder keyed to the operatingshaft positioned adjacent to the inner circumference of said latticed ring, and vaned disks secured to the inner circumference of the outer of the two cylinders and having vanes IOO TIO

alternately arranged withthe Vanes of the inner cylinder and of varying diameters in series, as set forth. v

9. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts journ aled therein, an operating-shaft rotatable within the hollow shafts, a stepped cylinder keyed to the operating-shaft, vaned disks keyed to the circumference of said cylinder, a sectional cylinder having disks secured to its inner circumference and provided with vanes which alternate with the vanes of the inner cylinder, the series of disks' increasing in diameter from the inlet to the exhaust port of the engine, a latticed ring secured to the adjacent ends of the sections ot the outer stepped sectional cylinder, and Wings projecting inward from the latticed ring, and defiecting-iianges on the inner stepped cylinder, as set forth.

10. A rotary turbine-engine comprising a suitable casing, hollow shafts j ournaled therein, an operating-shaft 'rotatable Within the hollow shafts, a stepped cylinder keyed to rotate with the operating-shaft, vaned disks keyed about the circumference of said cylinder, a sectional stepped cylinder keyed to rotate with the hollow shafts, vaned disks keyed to the inner circumference of the sectional cylinder and having vanes alternately arranged with the vanes of the disks on the inner cylinder, nozzles secured to the ends of the sectional cylinder,inlet-ports communicating with said nozzlesJ and an4 exhaust-chamber about the cylinders, and a latticed ring Ilow shafts, a disk keyed to the inner circumference of the sectional cylinder and having vanes which arealternately arranged with the vanes of the disks of the inner cylinder,

the vanes of the two series being at angles tol each other and the disks arranged in series of varying diameters increasing from the inlet-port to the exhaust of the engine, flanged rings intermediate the series of disks, nozzles secured to the ends of the sectional cylinder,l

inlet-ports communicating with said nozzles, and an exhaust-chamber about the cylinders, and a latticed ring through which the expansive fluid passes through the disks to the exhaust-chamber, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD F. CAMERON. lVitnesses ALBAN B. NIXON, J As. A. GILLAN. 

